Can cocoa agroforestry restore degraded soil structure following conversion from forest to agricultural use?

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dc.contributor.authorSaputra, Danny Dwi
dc.contributor.authorSari, Rika Ratna
dc.contributor.authorHairiah, Kurniatun
dc.contributor.authorRoshetko, James M.
dc.contributor.authorSuprayogo, Didik
dc.contributor.authorvan Noordwijk, Meine
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-02T23:59:16Z
dc.date.available2023-02-02T23:59:16Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description© The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Version of Scholarly Record of this Article is published in Agroforestry Systems, 2020, available online at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10457-020-00548-9
dc.description.abstractAlternating degradation and restoration phases of soil quality, as is common in crop-fallow systems, can be avoided if the restorative elements of trees and forests can be integrated into productive agroforestry systems. However, evidence for the hypothesis of ‘internal restoration’ in agroforestry is patchy and the effectiveness may depend on local context. We investigated to what extent cocoa (Theobroma cacao, L.) agroforestry can recover soil structure and infiltration in comparison to monoculture systems across the Konaweha Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi. We compared soil organic carbon, fine root length and weight, soil aggregate stability, macroporosity and infiltration from three soil layers at five land use systems: i.e. degraded forests, 9–14 years old of complex-cocoa agroforestry, simple-cocoa agroforestry, monoculture cocoa and 1–4 years old annual food crops, all with three replications. In general, roots were concentrated in the upper 40 cm of soil depth, contained of 70% and 86% of total fine root length and weight. Compared to simple agroforestry and cocoa monoculture, complex agroforestry had greater root length and weight in the topsoil, even though it attained only half the values found in degraded forests. Higher root density was positively correlated to soil organic carbon. In upper soil layers, complex agroforestry had slightly higher soil aggregate stability compared to other agricultural systems. However, no significant difference was found in deeper layers. Complex agroforestry had higher soil macroporosity than other agricultural systems, but not sufficient to mimic forests. Degraded forests had two times faster steady-state soil infiltration than agricultural systems tested (13.2 cm h−1 and 6 cm h−1, respectively), relevant during peak rainfall events. Compared to other agricultural systems, complex agroforestry improves soil structure of degraded soil resulting from forest conversion. However, a considerable gap remains with forest soil conditions.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research has been funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) through the AgFor Southeast Sulawesi Project (Contribution Arrangement No. 7056890), under the coordination of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)-Southeast Asia. Discussions with the colleagues in the Southeast Sulawesi during the fieldwork and researchers on Scenario Analysis for Management of Agroforest Program (WCU-SAMA-2019) provided by Brawijaya University during the writing process have significant contributions to this research and publication. We acknowledge comments from two anonymous reviewers. Many thanks to the farmers in the Lawonua, Wonuahoa and Asinua Jaya for the kind help and warm family welcome. We also would like to thank Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) from the Ministry of Finance, the Republic of Indonesia for supporting this study.
dc.identifier.citationSaputra, D.D., Sari, R.R., Hairiah, K., Roshetko, J. M., Suprayogo, D., & van Noordwijk, M. (2020). Can cocoa agroforestry restore degraded soil structure following conversion from forest to agricultural use?. Agroforestry Systems, 94, 2261–2276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00548-9
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00548-9
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14096/247
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.titleCan cocoa agroforestry restore degraded soil structure following conversion from forest to agricultural use?
dc.typeArticle

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