Browsing by Author "Hayda, Yuriy"
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Item Ecological and genetic aspects of distribution of the marginal populations of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) in Ukrainian Carpathians(Sciendo (De Gruyter), 2019-10-07) Mohytych, Vasyl; Klisz, Marcin; Yatsyk, Roman; Hayda, Yuriy; Sishchuk, MarianaCurrent distributions of Swiss stone pine mostly cover the mountain regions of Europe (Alps and Carpathians). Easternmost distribution of this species is located in western Ukraine. Due to environmental fragmentation in Eastern Carpathians and competition with Norway spruce and other species, marginal populations of Swiss stone pine create isolated island, where other species are not able to cope with harsh conditions. Still, Pinus cembra L. play an important role for soil-formation and soil-protection in high elevations. The evidence of recent reduction in the area of Swiss stone pine raises the question whether the introduction of this species at lower altitudes can be successful? According to the studies conducted on reciprocal transplant experiments, Swiss stone pine population from higher elevation are able to profit in low elevation sites. Thus, parallelly with gene conservation activity, the possibilities of assisted migration should be recognized for this species.Item Forest plantation productivity – soil interactions within Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: effects of pH and cations(Sciendo (De Gruyter), 2020-12-14) Raspopina, Svitlana; Debryniuk, Yuriy; Hayda, YuriyDark grey podzolized soils on the loess like loams, which are represented in the soil cover within fresh and humidity gradients in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, are characterized by high forest vegetation potential, which ensure the formation of mostly pure and mixed larch and spruce stands with high level of the productivity. Despite the fact that both species are coniferous, their effect on the soil, in particular, on its acid-base indicators (actual and potential forms of acidity, sum of absorbed bases, degree of saturation of bases, content of mobile aluminium), which are important components of soil fertility, are specific. Due to the fact that there is a close interaction between forest plantations and soil properties, changing the participation of species in the stand, it is possible to adjust the actual soil fertility. The soils under both pure and mixed spruce and larch stands are characterized by a high level of potential acidity that reaches the high acidic values in the upper horizons. A similar reaction of soil solution under coniferous forests is caused by acid hydrolysis of aluminosilicates and accumulation of mobile Al in the rhizosphere zone. Simultaneously, the same acidic characteristics, including the presence of movable aluminium, are also found in soils under broadleaved plantations. In general, acid-exchange properties of soils (high potential acidity, unsaturation of bases and availability of movable aluminium) traditionally are considered as unfavourable for vegetation. However, our researches refute it and prove that within certain values, these indicators do not limit the productivity of pure and mixed spruce and larch stands.Item Formation of European beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) that involve Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in tree species composition in the Ukrainian Roztochie(Sciendo (De Gruyter), 2022-05-27) Myklush, Yuriy; Myklush, Stepan; Debryniuk, Iurii; Hayda, YuriyProductive European beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) involving Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are formed in Ukrainian Roztochie. Considering value and limited distribution of beech stands involving pine in tree species composition, it is necessary to work out and implement measures for their natural restoration in connection with the climate change and the efficient use of raw materials and non-wood products. Main forestry and management indices of beech stands that include pine in tree species composition were analysed. Forestry activities that are currently carried out in middle-aged and maturing stands significantly reduce their relative completeness and growing stocks, as determined by comparing growth particularities of productive beech stands from different sources.Item Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future(Sciendo (De Gruyter), 2019-12-30) Hayda, Yuriy; Los, Svitlana; Yatsyk, Roman; Tereshchenko, Larisa; Shlonchak, Grygoriy; Mytrochenko, Valentyna; Neyko, Ihor; Samodai, Viacheslav; Smashnyuk, Ludmila; Klisz, Marcin; Mohytych, VasylThe seed orchards (SO) serve possibilities to collect seeds from the selected genotypes or to create artificial population throughout the controlled crossing of the target genotypes. Therefore, the seed material obtained from the clonal and seedling seed orchards offers unique opportunity to improve the genetic value of seeds. Thus, the seed orchards are considered as an important part of the forest seed base being the key object for both modern forestry and forestry research. This paper outlines the forest breeding activities associated with the seed production in the seed orchards in Ukraine over the last 70 years. During this period, the different aspects related to the establishment and management of the seed orchard were studied. In these processes, many failures had occurred, their causes and consequences were described. These main breeding activities were reported considering plain and mountain regions of Ukraine as well as specific aspects of the reproduction of the main forest tree species. As of 2019, the total area of the clonal seed orchards (CSO) reached 1040.3 ha, while seedling seed orchards (SSO) only 273.7 ha. The results of research on the growth, reproductive development, the morphology of the plus trees clones in the SO were generalized. The article on the current problems and challenges for Ukrainian forestry mainly related to forest tree breeding and there was also focus on forest seed industry. For the main forest trees species (Scots pine, English oak and other), targeted breeding programs should be developed. It is relevant to create the genetic bank of the forest seeds.Item The introduction of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ukrainian forests: advantages of productivity versus disadvantages of invasiveness(Sciendo (De Gruyter), 2022-12-10) Hayda, Yuriy; Mohytych, Vasyl; Bidolakh, Dmytro; Kuzovych, Vasyl; Sułkowska, MałgorzataThe history and dynamics of the introduction of red oak into forest plantations in Ukraine are presented. The positive and negative consequences of this artificially introduced species are characterised. The anthropogenic factor of a broad representation of the species and the probability of low natural spread out outside the existing plantations are highlighted. The current data on the area of red oak plantations by administrative regions, forest categories, types of forest site conditions and age classes in Ukraine are indicated. The possibility of controlling and limiting the adverse invasive effects of red oak representation in forest stands is pointed out. It is recommended to conduct detailed and systematic interdisciplinary research on the degree of red oak invasiveness impact in Ukraine and effective forest care treatments for controlling its negative role.